Supplements to Avoid If You Have Hashimoto’s or Hypothyroidism

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If you have Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or hypothyroidism, you may be tempted to reach for supplements that promise to boost energy, balance hormones, or even “heal” your thyroid. But beware—not all supplements are created equal, and some can do more harm than good for your thyroid health. Before you add another bottle to your daily routine, let’s explore the hidden dangers lurking in your supplement stash that could be sabotaging your thyroid function.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to chronic inflammation and damage. Over time, this can impair your thyroid’s ability to produce thyroid hormones, which are crucial in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall body function. Hashimoto’s is the most common cause of hypothyroidism, particularly in women, and is often associated with a range of symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, depression, and sensitivity to cold. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels and antibodies.

Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones to meet the body’s needs. While Hashimoto’s is the leading cause, other factors like iodine deficiency or certain medications can also contribute. Untreated hypothyroidism can result in more severe complications, including heart problems, infertility, and mental health issues. Treatment generally involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy to restore normal hormone levels, which helps relieve symptoms and prevent long-term health complications.

People with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or hypothyroidism often turn to vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements to manage unresolved symptoms. But you may not know that some supplements can interfere with or slow down your thyroid function and disrupt your thyroid health. Let’s look at some supplements that should be on your radar.

Bugleweed (Lycopus spp.) is an herb that slows thyroid function. This herb, belonging to the mint family, has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat hyperthyroidism.

The active compounds in bugleweed, including phenolic acids like rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid, are believed responsible for its thyroid-suppressing effects. These compounds work by:

• Inhibiting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) activity
• Blocking the binding of antibodies to TSH receptors
• Reducing the peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3, the active form of thyroid hormone)

Research has shown that bugleweed can effectively decrease thyroid hormone levels and alleviate symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism. However, those same properties that are beneficial for people with an overactive thyroid make bugleweed counterproductive for Hashimoto’s and hypothyroid patients. It’s crucial to use bugleweed only under medical supervision, as it can potentially cause hypothyroidism if misused.

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is another herb from the mint family that has been traditionally used to support thyroid health, specifically to slow thyroid function in people with hyperthyroidism. Like bugleweed, lemon balm contains rosmarinic acid, which is thought to contribute to its thyroid-suppressing effects.

The mechanisms by which lemon balm may slow thyroid function include:

• Inhibiting the binding of TSH to its receptor
• Blocking the action of thyroid-stimulating antibodies
• Reducing thyroid hormone synthesis

Lemon balm should usually be avoided in patients with Hashimoto’s and hypothyroidism.

L-carnitine is sometimes recommended for thyroid support, and it can help manage the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. At the same time, L-carnitine is not recommended for people with hypothyroidism, as it can potentially interfere with thyroid hormone action.

If you’re considering L-carnitine supplementation, discuss it thoroughly with your healthcare provider to weigh potential benefits against risks.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), an adaptogenic herb widely used in Ayurvedic medicine, has a complex relationship with thyroid function. While it’s often touted for its ability to support an underactive thyroid, research suggests it may also have a modulating effect on an overactive thyroid. Some studies suggest that ashwagandha may stimulate the immune system, which could potentially exacerbate autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s.

The effects of ashwagandha on thyroid function appear to be dose-dependent and can vary based on an individual’s thyroid status. In some cases, ashwagandha may:

• Increase thyroid hormone levels in hypothyroid individuals
• Decrease thyroid hormone levels in hyperthyroid individuals
• Help regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis

A study on bipolar patients with elevated TSH levels found that ashwagandha supplementation led to a significant reduction in TSH levels. This suggests that ashwagandha may normalize thyroid function, potentially slowing it down when it’s overactive.

Approach ashwagandha with caution if you have Hashimoto’s or any autoimmune condition. Always consult with your healthcare provider before using this herb.

Iodine and iodine-rich supplements, like kelp and bladderwrack, are double-edged swords because they have a complex impact on thyroid function. While iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, excessive iodine intake can paradoxically suppress thyroid function through a mechanism known as the Wolff-Chaikoff effect.

In some cases, high doses of iodine from supplements can:

• Increase TSH levels
• Decrease thyroid hormone production
• Potentially trigger or exacerbate autoimmune thyroid conditions

It’s important to note that the effects of iodine on thyroid function can vary greatly depending on an individual’s baseline iodine status and overall thyroid health. People with pre-existing thyroid conditions should be particularly cautious with iodine-rich supplements and only use them under medical supervision.

While iodine is essential for thyroid function, excessive intake can also be problematic for those with Hashimoto’s or hypothyroidism. High doses of iodine can trigger or worsen autoimmune thyroid disease in susceptible individuals. The thyroid gland becomes more vulnerable to attack by the immune system when exposed to high levels of iodine.

For most people with Hashimoto’s or hypothyroidism, it’s best to avoid concentrated iodine supplements unless you’ve been tested, have a demonstrated iodine deficiency, and your healthcare provider has specifically recommended iodine supplementation. Instead, focus on getting moderate amounts of iodine from food sources like seafood and iodized salt.

Iron is essential for thyroid hormone production, but its supplementation requires careful consideration because iron supplements can interfere with the absorption of thyroid hormone replacement medications like levothyroxine. Iron can bind to thyroid hormones in the digestive tract when taken too close together, preventing their absorption.

If you need to take iron supplements, do so at least 4 hours apart from your thyroid medication. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting iron supplementation, as excessive iron can be harmful.

Like iron, calcium supplements, especially calcium carbonate, can significantly reduce the absorption of thyroid medication when taken simultaneously. If you need calcium supplements, take them at least 4 hours apart from your thyroid medication. Consider getting calcium from dietary sources when possible.

Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is popular for its benefits for hair, skin, and nails. However, it can cause issues for those with thyroid conditions.

High doses of biotin can interfere with most laboratory tests for thyroid function, potentially leading to falsely high or low results. This can complicate the monitoring and management of thyroid conditions.

If you take biotin supplements, inform your healthcare provider before thyroid testing. Stopping biotin supplementation at least 72 hours before thyroid function tests is generally recommended.

Note: the Paloma home thyroid blood test kit can be used while taking biotin, as biotin intake does not affect the accuracy of blood spot testing.

Some studies suggest that high soy intake may interfere with the absorption of thyroid hormones, particularly in individuals with iodine deficiency.

Moderate soy consumption is generally safe as long as it’s non-GMO soy and is used in fermented food form (i.e., miso, tofu, tempeh) as a condiment and not a primary protein. Consuming high-concentration soy supplements, however, should be avoided.

Selenium plays a crucial role in thyroid hormone metabolism. It can lower thyroid antibodies when autoimmune disease is the cause of a thyroid condition. Still, excessive intake – above 400 mcg a day from food and supplement sources combined -- can be problematic because it can lead to selenium toxicity, which can cause hair loss, gastrointestinal upset, and other health issues.

If considering selenium supplementation, consult your healthcare provider about how to incorporate selenium into your daily routine safely.

Tyrosine is an amino acid involved in thyroid hormone production. While tyrosine is necessary for thyroid hormone synthesis, supplementing with it doesn’t necessarily improve thyroid function and could lead to imbalances.

Focus on getting tyrosine from dietary sources rather than supplements. If you’re considering tyrosine supplementation, consult with your healthcare provider first.

Some over-the-counter, non-prescription supplements marketed for thyroid support contain desiccated animal thyroid glands. These glandular supplements can contain varying amounts of thyroid hormones, which can interfere with prescribed thyroid medication and lead to imbalances, according to research. The purity and safety of the animal products is also not verifiable. Generally, it’s recommended that you avoid non-prescription supplements containing animal thyroid glands. Stick to prescribed thyroid medications under the guidance of your healthcare provider.

While supplements can play a role in supporting overall health, individuals with Hashimoto’s or hypothyroidism need to be particularly cautious. Some supplements can interfere with your thyroid function or medication effectiveness, potentially complicating the management of these conditions.

Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen. They can provide personalized advice based on your health status, medication regimen, and nutritional needs. Remember that a balanced, nutrient-rich diet is often the best approach to supporting thyroid health and overall well-being.

It’s also crucial to inform all your healthcare providers about any supplements you’re taking, as these can affect various aspects of your health and interact with medications. Regular monitoring of your thyroid function and adjustment of your treatment plan as needed is essential for managing Hashimoto’s and hypothyroidism effectively.

Managing Hashimoto’s and hypothyroidism is a complex process that requires an integrated approach. While being cautious about potentially harmful supplements is essential, it’s equally crucial to focus on optimal medical treatment for your thyroid condition and lifestyle factors such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, stress management, and adequate sleep. This is the approach taken by Paloma Health, and members have access to a team of thyroid-savvy healthcare providers, nutrition and health coaches, and plans. Together, these elements can significantly improve your thyroid function and overall well-being.

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